Cryogenic container

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a cryogenic container for storing and/or transporting a medium, in particular a biochemical and/or medical product. The cryogenic container comprises at least one primary container, which has at least one flexible film bag. The flexible film bag is designed to receive the medium. The cryogenic container furthermore comprises at least one secondary container, which at least partially surrounds the primary container and is preferably at least partially flexible. The secondary container has at least one opening for insertion of the primary container. The secondary container furthermore has at least one preferably at least partially flexible outer sleeve. The secondary container furthermore has at least one heat exchanger space, which is arranged between the outer sleeve and the flexible film bag and receives at least one fluid heat exchange medium.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/884,569, filed Jan. 31, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/183,045, filed Jul. 14, 2011, which is acontinuation of PCT/EP2010/000117, filed Jan. 13, 2010, which claimspriority to EP 09 150 937.2, filed Jan. 20, 2009, all of which arehereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to a cryogenic container that is suitablein particular for storing and/or transporting a medium. The cryogeniccontainer is in particular suitable for storing and/or transporting abiochemical and/or medical product. The present invention furtherrelates to a secondary container, for use in a cryogenic containeraccording to the invention, and to a preparation device for storage of amedium. The invention further relates to a method for storing and/ortransporting a medium, in particular once again a biochemical product.Such devices and methods can be used in particular in the productionand/or supply of pharmaceutical and/or diagnostic products which aregenerally in liquid form particularly at room temperature, but which aregenerally frozen for storage and/or transport.

In the production and/or supply of media, in particular media withactive substances for diagnostics and/or medical therapy, i.e., inparticular medical products and/or pharmaceuticals, suitable handling ofthe media presents a technical challenge. In many cases, in thepharmaceutical production of, for example, biotechnical materials, themedia are frozen for storage and/or transport. Cryogenic vessels, alsoreferred to as cryo vessels, are generally used for the freezing andsubsequent thawing. These cryogenic containers are generally solidcontainers made of stainless steel and having a double casing. Theproduct in the containers is frozen and/or thawed via a silicone oilcircuit. However, the demands in respect of the sterility of cryogeniccontainers of this kind, especially for biotechnical materials, are veryhigh.

A crucial disadvantage of the known technology in this area is that,after the container has finished being used, cleaning and sterilizationare needed. This is very time-consuming and expensive. It can alsohappen that silicone oil escapes at the coupling points where siliconeoil is supplied to the silicone oil circuit. In addition, large storagesurfaces are required, which entail high capital expenditure. Theflexibility needed to meet varying requirements is generally notafforded.

These requirements in respect of sterility generally necessitate thatthe cryogenic containers are operated in circulation, which entailsenormous outlay in terms of transport and storage. In particular, thecryogenic containers, which have a considerable weight (in some casesseveral hundred kilograms), and which have a large volume of in somecases several cubic meters, have to be kept in storage and transported.

In addition to these reusable cryogenic containers, devices are alsoknown from the prior art in which the medium is introduced into adisposable bag and frozen in the latter. U.S. Pat. No. 7,104,074 and EP1 441 585 B1, for example, disclose containers for freezing, storing andthawing biopharmaceutical materials, which containers can be received ina supporting frame. In these film containers, the biopharmaceuticalmaterial is frozen by means of contact heat transfer to a heat transfersurface.

A disadvantage of this prior art, however, is that containers of thiskind have to be designed with comparatively thin walls in order topermit rapid freezing of the biopharmaceutical materials without phaseseparation. At the same time, however, containers of this kind with thinwalls are extremely sensitive to mechanical damage, and therefore, insome cases, it is not possible to ensure that the containers aretransported safely, without damage and in a sterile condition. Moreover,complex transport and storage devices are needed to ensure the materialsbeing stored and transported in the frozen state.

SUMMARY

Embodiments incorporating the present invention make available devicesand methods for storing and/or transporting media in which thedisadvantages of known devices and methods are largely avoided. Inparticular, the devices and methods are intended to simplify thelogistics of storing and/or transporting the media and yet still satisfythe requirements of sterility and safety that are normally imposed inthe pharmaceutical production of biotechnical materials.

These advantages are achieved by devices and methods having the featuresof the independent claims. Advantageous developments of the invention,which can be realized individually or in combination, are set forth inthe dependent claims. Devices are proposed, and also methods that can becarried out in particular using the described devices.

A concept incorporated by exemplary embodiments is that a medium isfrozen and/or thawed in a heat exchanger, which can preferably becompletely disposed of after the process. Another concept is topreferably replace known heat exchange media, such as silicone oil, byless expensive heat exchange media, for example liquid nitrogen as heattransfer medium.

A cryogenic container is proposed for storing and/or transporting amedium, in particular a biochemical and/or medical product. As has beendescribed above, the medium can in particular be liquid at roomtemperature but can be stored and/or transported in the frozen, i.e.,solid state. In particular, the medium can be from the above-describedarea of medical diagnostics and/or pharmaceutics. It can in particularbe a medium that has to meet strict demands in terms of purity and/orsterility. The medium used is preferably in the form of biotechnicalmaterials and/or of media comprising such biotechnical materials.However, it is also possible in principle to use other types of media,in particular media that are fluid at room temperature, for exampleliquid and/or possibly also gaseous media.

In the context of the present invention, the term “container” isrepeatedly used. This term is therefore already part, for example, ofthe term “cryogenic container.” Moreover, as is explained in detailbelow, the cryogenic container comprises at least one primary containerand at least one secondary container, i.e., also specific forms ofcontainers. In the context of the present invention, a container, aswill be immediately appreciated by a person skilled in the art and as isthe case in everyday language, is understood generally as a devicewhich, on the inside, has at least one interior or cavity (both termsare used basically as synonyms in the text below). The interior can inparticular serve the purpose of ensuring that the optional content ofthe container, received in the interior, is completely or partiallyseparated from its environment. For this purpose, the container can inparticular have at least one container wall, preferably a substantiallyclosed container wall, which can provide this separation from theenvironment and which at the same time can serve the purpose ofmechanically stabilizing the content of the container, for exampleagainst falling out of the cavity. The container can have at least oneopening and/or at least one access which, as is explained in more detailbelow, is also designed such that it can be closed and which can allowaccess to the cavity. However, the size of the optional opening is notsuch that it negates the functions of the container, that is to say inparticular the separation of the content from the environment and themechanical stabilization and storage of the content.

A container differs to this extent from, for example, a simplesuspension or a framework from which the content can easily fall out forlack of being enclosed. In particular, a container thus differs from asupport frame as described, for example, in the abovementioned U.S. Pat.No. 7,104,074 B2 and EP 1 441 585 B1. Such support frames have nointerior that is surrounded by a container wall and that performs thestated functions of shielding from the environment and of mechanicalstabilization.

In the context of the present invention, a cryogenic container isgenerally to be understood as a container which is designed such thatarticles such as liquids and/or solids can be stored in the interiorthereof at low temperatures, in particular at temperatures of below 0°C.

The cryogenic container comprises at least one primary container, whichhas at least one flexible film bag. A flexible film bag is to beunderstood as a device having at least one interior that receives themedium and that is preferably substantially closed. For example, thisfilm bag can be designed as a rectangular film bag.

In the context of the present invention, flexibility is generally to beunderstood, as is normally the case in everyday language, as adeformability or bendability of a body. Unless other measurementconditions are specified, the term flexibility should, as is alsogenerally the case, relate to a measurement carried out at roomtemperature and normal pressure. However, flexibility can alsopreferably be present at lower temperatures, for example at temperaturesdown to 5° C., preferably 0° C., and particularly preferably at stilllower temperatures, for example down to −10° C., or even at temperatureslower than this, for example −20° C.

Flexibility of the film bag is to be understood as a flexibilityproperty of the film bag that applies to the entire film bag or only toparts of this film bag, for example film walls of this film bag, and inwhich these flexible parts can undergo plastic or elastic deformationunder the effect of a force. For example, this force can be a volumeexpansion of the actual medium that has been introduced into the innerspace of the film bag, such that the walls of the flexible film bagdeform.

The primary container is preferably designed at least partially as adisposable film bag. For example, standardized film bags as arecustomary in the area of biotechnology and medicine can be used for thispurpose. Film bags of this kind can, for example, be made entirely orpartially of plastic and can comprise one or more connectors, forexample connectors for attachment of one or more tube connections.Examples are given in detail below.

The flexible film bag is designed to receive the medium and ispreferably at least substantially leaktight, preferably completelyleaktight.

The cryogenic container furthermore comprises at least one secondarycontainer, which at least partially surrounds the primary container andwhich is also preferably at least partially flexible. A flexible designof the secondary container is to be understood as meaning that thelatter can preferably adapt completely or partially to the shape of thefilled primary container introduced into the secondary container. Inthis way, by adapting the secondary container to the primary container,it is possible to ensure particularly good heat transfer. The secondarycontainer has at least one opening for insertion of the primarycontainer. This opening can be permanently open, although it can also bedesigned such that it can be opened for the introduction and/or removalof the primary container into and/or from the interior of the secondarycontainer and can otherwise preferably be closed.

The secondary container has at least one preferably at least partiallyflexible outer sleeve, that is to say an outer sleeve that canpreferably undergo plastic or elastic deformation under the effect of aforce. As regards the term flexibility, reference can be made generallyto the above description of the term. The expression “at least partiallyflexible” is generally to be understood as a property of a body in whichthe latter is either completely flexible, i.e., flexible in all areas,or in which the body has at least one portion or area that is flexibleand at least one further area or portion in which the body is notflexible.

The secondary container furthermore has at least one heat exchangerspace, which is arranged between the outer sleeve and the flexible filmbag and receives at least one fluid heat exchange medium. A heatexchanger space is to be understood as a gap between the primarycontainer and the outer sleeve of the secondary container, through whichgap the heat exchange medium can flow and/or in which gap the heatexchange medium can be held without flowing. The gap can be completelyopen, or it can also be closed at one end or at both ends. This gap isintended in particular to avoid direct contact between the primarycontainer and the outer sleeve of the secondary container, withoutcontact with the fluid heat exchange medium, and to preferably ensure aminimum spacing.

In particular, in order to completely or partially avoid such contactbetween the primary container and the outer sleeve, at least one spacerelement can also be introduced into the heat exchanger space. Thisspacer element can be designed such that the fluid heat exchange mediumcan flow through it, and it can be configured to maintain a spacingbetween the outer sleeve and the film bag of the primary container.

The spacer element should preferably also be completely or partiallyflexible. Moreover, the spacer element should allow the fluid heatexchange medium to fill and/or flow through the heat exchanger space asuniformly and as completely as possible. It is preferable if the spacerelement is made completely or partially of a plastic and has a pluralityof channels and/or interstices through which the fluid heat exchangemedium can flow. Alternatively or in addition to a plastic, however,other materials that have the above-mentioned properties are alsopossible in principle. For example, it is possible to use fillersbetween which, in the filled state, interstices are formed through whichthe heat exchange medium can flow. Alternatively or in addition,honeycomb structures can be used, for example, in which the honeycombsare interconnected, for example once again honeycomb structures made ofplastic. Various configurations are possible.

The outer sleeve of the secondary container can be designed in variousways. For example, it can comprise a metal film and/or at least one filmcoated with a metallic material, in particular aluminium, for example aplastic film and/or paper film. A laminate film can also be used forexample.

The cryogenic container can be designed such that the primary containeris introduced directly into the secondary container with the outersleeve and, if appropriate, with the spacer element. The gap between theprimary container, for example the flexible film bag of the primarycontainer, and the outer sleeve can then be filled with, or have flowthrough it, the at least one heat exchange medium, for example in orderto ensure a freezing or thawing process as described in detail below.For example, the heat exchanger space can be filled directly with agaseous heat exchange medium, for example a liquid gas, in particularnitrogen.

Alternatively or in addition, however, the secondary container can alsohave a more complex design. For example, the secondary container canfurthermore have at least one inner sleeve, which faces the primarycontainer and is preferably at least partially flexible. In turn, thisinner sleeve can, for example, be made completely or partially of aplastic. The inner sleeve, like the outer sleeve too, is preferablysubstantially impervious with respect to the fluid heat exchange medium.Generally, the inner sleeve can have at least one film material, whichcan be present in coated or uncoated form. A laminate structure is alsopossible.

The cryogenic container can furthermore have at least one fluid heatexchange medium received in the heat exchanger space and/or flowingthrough the heat exchanger space. This heat exchange medium can inparticular be one or more of the following heat exchange media: asilicone oil; a gas (i.e., a medium that is gaseous under normalconditions) in a liquid and/or gaseous state, in particular a liquidgas, in particular nitrogen, particularly preferably liquid nitrogen.The use of liquid nitrogen in particular is particularly inexpensive andcan allow simple and inexpensive freezing of the medium. It has beenfound in tests that commercially available film bags, for example thebags described above, which are generally also available as disposablematerials, withstand the temperatures of the liquid nitrogen.

Particularly when the abovementioned inner sleeve is used, the secondarycontainer can be designed at least partially as a flexible and at leasttwo-walled receiving bag. A receiving bag is to be understood as a bagthat has an interior and at least one opening for introduction of theprimary container into the interior. The receiving bag can have two ormore walls. These walls comprise the at least one outer sleeve and alsoat least one preferably at least partially flexible inner sleeve facingthe film bag, for example according to the above description. Thetwo-walled receiving bag furthermore comprises at least one heatexchanger space arranged between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve,for example according to the above description. The at least one spacerelement according to the above description can in turn be optionallyintroduced into this heat exchanger space.

The outer sleeve and the inner sleeve are to be connected to each otherin at least one area, in such a way that the heat exchanger space is atleast substantially closed off. Substantially closed off is to beunderstood as an at least substantially media-tight closure with respectto the heat exchange medium, such that this heat exchange medium cannotaccidentally get into the interior of the receiving bag and/or getoutside the receiving bag, at least not during conventional storageperiods of 1 to 2 years. Fairly small leakages, however, can betolerated.

The receiving bag can furthermore have at least one delivery device forthe heat exchange medium. In particular, the receiving bag can have afirst connector, in particular at least one connector nozzle, fordelivery of the heat exchange medium and preferably at least one secondconnector, in particular a connector nozzle, for removal of the heatexchange medium. The first connector and the second connector are to befluidically connected to the heat exchanger space. At least one channelthrough which the heat exchange medium can flow is to be formed in theheat exchanger space between the first connector and the secondconnector. This channel can be flat and broad and can also be branchedor designed with a plurality of channels. This channel is preferablydesigned in such a way that, in the area where the receiving bagsurrounds the primary container, the channel is complete, such thatuniform temperature control of the primary bag is possible.

The secondary container can furthermore have at least one elementcontrolling and/or regulating a filling level of the heat exchangemedium in the heat exchanger space. For example, this element cancomprise a sensor and/or a valve. For example, a float valve can beprovided, which limits a filling level of the heat exchange medium inthe heat exchanger space or adjusts it to a defined level.

In addition to the primary container and the secondary container, thecryogenic container can furthermore have at least one substantiallydimensionally stable outer container. The expression “substantiallydimensionally stable” is to be understood as a property by which, underthe normal loads that arise during transport, for example under theinherent weight and/or the weight of the contents, there is noappreciable deformation of the outer container. The outer container isto be designed to receive the at least one secondary container, with theat least one primary container received therein, and to shield themagainst external mechanical action. Shielding is to be understood as aproperty by which external forces normally arising during transportcannot cause damage to the secondary container and/or the primarycontainer. For example, the outer container can be made completely orpartially from a stiff material.

The outer container can have one or more interiors in which thesecondary container or secondary containers can be inserted. Anindividual interior can be provided in which one or more secondarycontainers are received with one or more primary containers.Alternatively, however, a plurality of interiors can also be provided,for example by the outer container being divided into correspondingcompartments. One secondary container or a plurality of secondarycontainers can be received in each of these compartments, in each casewith one or more primary containers.

The outer container can furthermore have thermally insulatingproperties. Thermally insulating properties are to be understood asmeaning a delay in temperature equalization to a surrounding area, suchthat, for example, a frozen state of an aqueous medium in the interiorof the outer container can be maintained even at room temperature forseveral minutes, without active cooling measures, and preferably forseveral hours. These thermally insulating properties can be achieved,for example, by the use of one or more thermally insulating materials,for example foamed materials and/or paper or cardboard materials.

For example, the outer container can be made completely or partially ofa paper material, in particular comprising a corrugated board. However,other materials can also be used in principle. The materials of theouter container are preferably completely or partially designed suchthat they can be easily disposed of, with the result that the cryogeniccontainer can preferably be designed as a whole as a disposablecryogenic container, if appropriate with the exception of a few elementsthat can be reused. Paper material in particular is easy to dispose ofand is therefore environmentally friendly.

The outer container can, for example, have what is substantially acuboid shape. A substantially cuboid shape is to be understood as ashape that can also deviate slightly from a perfect cuboid shape. Forexample, one or more support elements can be provided on the outercontainer in order to increase the stability of the outer container.Alternatively or in addition, connecting elements can also be providedin order to permit stable interconnection of a plurality of outercontainers, for example by hooking, and/or to be able to accommodate aplurality of outer containers comfortably on a pallet.

The outer container can furthermore have a substantially closed design.For this purpose, the outer container can, for example, have a body witha corresponding recess and several lids. Another design is alsopossible. Moreover, the cryogenic container can have at least onepassage for the introduction and/or removal of the at least one heatexchange medium and/or of the medium itself. These passages can, forexample, comprise simple openings. Alternatively or in addition, morecomplex passages are also possible. For example, tube passages, ifappropriate with at least one corresponding connector. Variousembodiments are conceivable.

In addition to the cryogenic container, these teachings also propose asecondary container for use in a cryogenic container according to one ormore of the above-described embodiments. Regarding the possibleconfigurations of the secondary container, reference can be largely madeto the above description. Thus, the secondary container is preferably atleast partially flexible and has at least one opening for insertion ofthe primary container. The secondary container furthermore has at leastone preferably at least partially flexible outer sleeve, and also atleast one heat exchanger space, which is arranged between the outersleeve and the flexible primary container, in particular the flexiblefilm bag of the primary container, and receives at least one fluid heatexchange medium. For further embodiments, reference can be made to theabove description.

These teachings furthermore propose a preparation device for storage ofa medium, in particular a biochemical and/or medical product. For thedescription of this medium, reference can largely be made to the abovedescription. A preparation device for storage of the medium is to beunderstood as a device in which the medium is prepared for storage, ismade ready for use again after storage, is made ready for transport oris made ready for use again after transport. For example, thispreparation device can be suitable for freezing and/or thawing themedium.

The preparation device comprises at least one cryogenic containeraccording to one or more of the above-described embodiments. Thepreparation device furthermore comprises at least one supply device thatcan be coupled reversibly to the cryogenic container for supplying aheat exchange medium to the cryogenic container. For example, the supplydevice can comprise a device for cooling and/or heating the heatexchange medium. Furthermore, the supply device can alternatively or inaddition comprise at least one pump for introducing the heat exchangemedium into the secondary container and/or for pumping it through thesecondary container. A reversible coupling is to be understood asmeaning that, for example by way of a tube connection and/or a similardetachable connection, heat exchange medium can be temporarily suppliedto the cryogenic container and/or pumped through the latter. Fortransport of the cryogenic container and/or for storage of the cryogeniccontainer, the preparation device can then be completely or partiallyuncoupled from the cryogenic container, for example with some of theheat exchange medium remaining in the secondary container.

In addition to the above-described devices in one or more of theabove-described embodiments, disclosed is a method for storing and/ortransporting a medium, in particular a biochemical and/or medicalproduct, which method can in particular use a cryogenic container asclaimed in one of the preceding claims relating to a cryogeniccontainer. Furthermore, a secondary container and/or a preparationdevice according to one or more of the above-described embodiments canbe used, such that reference can likewise be largely made to the abovedescription.

The method comprises the method steps described below. These methodsteps can be carried out in the sequence indicated, although this is notstrictly necessary. For example, the first method step described belowand the second method step described below can be carried out inreverse. Moreover, other method steps (not indicated) can be carriedout. Moreover, method steps can be carried out in another sequence, orindividual method steps or several method steps can be repeated,overlapping in time or simultaneously.

In a first method step, a primary container is introduced into asecondary container, wherein the primary container has at least oneflexible film bag, wherein the secondary container is preferably atleast partially flexible and has at least one opening for insertion ofthe primary container. The secondary container furthermore has at leastone preferably at least partially flexible outer sleeve and at least oneheat exchanger space, which is arranged between the outer sleeve and theflexible film bag of the primary container and receives at least onefluid heat exchange medium. In a second method step, the medium isintroduced into the primary container, for example by simple filling,pumping, pouring, or by other methods known to a person skilled in theart and preferably adapted to the properties of the medium. It will benoted that the primary container can be introduced into the secondarycontainer before or after the primary container is filled with themedium. In view of the lower risk posed by handling, a method isgenerally preferred in which the primary container is filled with themedium when this primary container is already located in the secondarycontainer.

In a third method step, at least one heat exchange medium is conveyedinto or through the heat exchanger space. This introduction of the heatexchange medium into the heat exchanger space can be done in a singlefilling operation. Alternatively, as has been indicated above withreference to the possible configurations of the secondary container, theheat exchange medium can also be conveyed through the heat exchangerspace, for example by being circulated by pumping.

The method can be advantageously developed in various ways. For example,in a further method step, the secondary container can be introduced intoa substantially dimensionally stable outer container, in which respectreference can once again be made to the above description. The outercontainer is designed to receive the at least one secondary container,with the at least one primary container received therein, and to shieldit against external mechanical action. Once again, the secondarycontainer can be introduced into the outer container at a time when theprimary container is already contained in the secondary container.Alternatively, however, it is also possible for the unfilled secondarycontainer first to be introduced into the outer container, after whichthe primary container is introduced into the outer container.

In a further method step, the medium can be frozen and then storedand/or transported. For the freezing, a heat exchange medium with atemperature below a freezing point of the medium can be used, forexample, as has been indicated above, silicone oil and/or a liquid gas,for example liquid nitrogen. As has been indicated above, the heatexchange medium can be introduced all at once and/or pumped through thecryogenic container. Combinations are also possible, for example by heatexchange medium being introduced all at once, and this then being toppedup if necessary, that is to say replenished. A cooling circuit can beprovided, in which case the primary container, with the medium receivedtherein, is cooled by the heat exchange medium in one area, and in whichcase, in another area, the heat exchange medium ensures that the heatabsorbed during cooling is transferred to another medium and/or anotherdevice. It will be noted in this connection that the expression heatexchange medium is to be understood broadly in the context of thepresent invention and includes any fluid medium that is able to take upheat and in this way cool the medium that is to be stored and/ortransported. The heat exchange medium can, for example, be part of afluid medium of a heat pump or can be used in another way to cool themedium that is to be stored and/or transported.

In order to thaw the medium again after it has been stored and/ortransported, the method can furthermore involve introducing a gaseousand/or liquid heat exchange medium with a temperature above a freezingpoint of the medium. This heat exchange medium, which acts here as athawing medium, can, for example, again be introduced all at once, or,as is preferred, pumped through the secondary container. The heatexchange medium can in this case also be heated air, for example, whichis blown into the outer container, for example with the aid of a fan.Other heated gases and/or heated liquids can also be used.

The method can furthermore comprise at least one method step in whichthe primary container and/or the secondary container and also, ifappropriate, the optional outer container are completely or partiallydisposed of after the medium has been removed. This disposal can bedone, for example, by complete or partial recycling and/or burning.

The proposed devices and the proposed method in one or more of theabove-described embodiments have numerous advantages over known devicesand methods. For example, the freezing and/or thawing of the medium cantake place in a heat exchanger which, after the process, can also bedisposed of completely. Although cleaning and/or sterilization canadditionally be carried out if appropriate, this is not generallynecessary.

In contrast to stainless steel cryogenic containers, which requireconsiderable investment and considerable outlay in terms of logistics,the proposed cryogenic containers and the proposed method requirecomparatively low investment costs and/or running costs since they areused just once. Moreover, the proposed cryogenic containers and/or theproposed method do not generally tie up capital. Adaptation to modifiedvolumes and/or process conditions is also easier. For heat transfer, itis possible to use inexpensive heat exchange media, for examplenitrogen, in particular liquid nitrogen. The cryogenic containers can beproduced in a compact form, such that a relatively small refrigerationsurface area is necessary, in contrast to known cryogenic containersmade of stainless steel, for example. Transport costs can also bereduced considerably. This is because the proposed cryogenic containerscan be made considerably lighter than conventional cryogenic containers.Moreover, the cryogenic containers are inexpensive and can be designedas disposable cryogenic containers, such that return shipment of theempty cryogenic containers is not generally required. The emptycryogenic containers can be disposed of in situ.

Moreover, the proposed cryogenic containers, when empty, can also bestored taking up a small volume. In particular, the use of papermaterials also permits folding for storage purposes, such that thestorage costs can be reduced considerably by comparison withconventional stainless steel containers. It is also possible to reactflexibly to changes in capacity requirements.

Moreover, since it is possible to avoid using heat exchange media thatare difficult to handle, for example silicone oil, there is much lessrisk of contamination. In particular, the use of liquid nitrogen offersthe possibility of high process safety, with at the same timeconsiderably reduced costs. The one-off introduction of a heat exchangemedium, for example a precisely measured amount of a heat exchangemedium for one freezing operation, is easy to do, especially when usingnitrogen as heat transfer medium, since nitrogen is inexpensive andwidely available.

By using disposable cryogenic containers and/or using cryogeniccontainers that are designed at least partially as disposable cryogeniccontainers, the cleaning costs and/or plant investments that arise inthe case of stainless steel cryogenic containers can also be avoided.Disposing of the cryogenic containers is also in many cases moreenvironmentally friendly than complicated cleaning, for example withcleaning agents and/or disinfecting agents. It is also possible toensure a high degree of sterility, and the danger of cross-contaminationcan be avoided. The environmentally friendly nature of the entireprocess can be further improved by the fact that, by disposing of thecryogenic containers, there is no need for their return shipment, sincethey are designed to be easy and inexpensive to dispose of.

Compared to known disposable cryogenic containers, for example thecontainers described in EP 1 441 585 B1 and U.S. Pat. No. 7,104,074 B2,the proposed design has the advantage of the provision of the secondarycontainer, in which the heat exchange medium can be contained and whichcan protect the primary container from mechanical damage. To providefurther mechanical protection, the above-described at least one outercontainer can be provided, which can protect the primary containerand/or also the secondary container from mechanical loads. The secondarycontainer can at the same time act as an integrated, yet disposable heatexchanger, such that the cryogenic container is also suitable for atleast brief transportation outside a refrigeration area and/orrefrigeration container. At the same time, however, this integrated heatexchanger can be implemented in a space-saving and inexpensive manner,such that it can also be easily disposed of and does not require returnshipment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above-mentioned aspects of exemplary embodiments will become moreapparent and will be better understood by reference to the followingdescription of the embodiments taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1A shows a sectional view of a first illustrative embodiment of acryogenic container according to the invention;

FIG. 1B shows a perspective view of the cryogenic container according toFIG. 1A, in a plan view seen obliquely from above;

FIG. 1C shows a plan view of the cryogenic container according to FIG.1A; and

FIG. 2 shows a view, analogous to FIG. 1A, of a second illustrativeembodiment of a cryogenic container according to the invention.

DESCRIPTION

The embodiments described below are not intended to be exhaustive or tolimit the invention to the precise forms disclosed in the followingdetailed description. Rather, the embodiments are chosen and describedso that others skilled in the art may appreciate and understand theprinciples and practices of this disclosure.

A first illustrative embodiment of a cryogenic container 110 is shown inFIGS. 1A to 1C. At the same time, FIG. 1A shows an illustrativeembodiment of a preparation device 112, which preparation device 112furthermore comprises, in addition to the cryogenic container, a supplydevice 114 that can be coupled reversibly to the cryogenic container110. FIGS. 1B and 1C show only the cryogenic container 110, the latterbeing shown in FIG. 1A in a sectional view from the side with a lid 116,in a perspective view obliquely from above and without lid 116 (FIG.1B), and in a perspective view from above and without lid 116 (FIG. 1C).

The cryogenic container 110 comprises a primary container 118 in theform of a flexible film bag 120 with tube connectors 122. For example,this flexible film bag 120 can be designed as a sterilized disposablebag, for example as a “Standard Flexboy® bioprocessing bag” fromSartorius Stedim Biotech. However, other designs are also possible inprinciple. The primary container 118 can be filled with a medium, forexample a medicament, a diagnostic agent or a biotechnical material, viathe tube connectors 122, which can be designed as sterile connections.The medium is designated generally in the Figs. by reference sign 124.

Furthermore, the cryogenic container 110 comprises an outer container126 which, in this illustrative embodiment, can be produced from a basicframework composed of a simple supporting material, for examplemulti-layer corrugated board. This basic framework serves at the sametime for stabilization and insulation. As is shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C,the outer container 126 can be substantially cuboid, for example, withan interior 128 and, optionally, with one or more support devices 130for increasing the stability.

In the illustrative embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C, a secondarycontainer 132 is introduced into this framework of the outer container126. In the illustrative embodiment shown, this secondary container 132is open at its upper end and has an opening 133 through which theflexible film bag 120 of the primary container 118 can be introducedinto the secondary container 132. In the illustrative embodiment, thesecondary container 132 has an outer sleeve 134, which is flexible. Thisouter sleeve 134 can, for example, be a bag that is open at the top andthat is made of aluminium film and/or of a metal-coated plastic film,for example an aluminium-coated plastic film. A spacer element 136 isfitted in this outer sleeve 134, which spacer element 136 at the sametime serves for stiffening and for forming a heat exchanger space 138between the outer sleeve 134 and the flexible film bag 120 of theprimary container 118. This spacer element 136 can be made of plastic,for example. This can ensure a separating layer between the insulation,in particular the secondary container 132 or the outer sleeve 134, andthe medium 124. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 1C, this spacerelement 136, in the illustrative embodiment shown, is arranged only onthe broad sides of the flexible film bag 120, not on the narrow sides.On these narrow sides, therefore, there is only slight contact, if any,between the outer sleeve 134 and the primary container 118.

The spacer element 136 is designed such that it can receive a heatexchange medium or can have a heat exchange medium flow through it. Forexample, after the primary container 118 has been filled with the medium124, it is possible for liquid nitrogen (LN₂), for example, to beintroduced into the gap serving as heat exchanger space 138 between theouter sleeve 134 and the flexible film bag 120. This liquid nitrogenevaporates spontaneously and thus cools the medium 124. The process canbe controlled via the quantity of liquid nitrogen. For example, as isshown in FIG. 1A, the liquid nitrogen can be supplied from a supplydevice 114 via a conduit system 140, which is not shown in the otherfigures and which can be coupled to the cryogenic container 110 anduncoupled therefrom. After the process of freezing the medium 124, forexample at −25° C., has been completed, the whole disposable system ofthe cryogenic container 110 can be stored in a refrigeration room, forexample.

At the end of the storage period, pre-heated air, for example, is blowninto the heat exchanger space 138 in order to thaw the medium 124 andreturn the latter to a state ready for use. This too can be done, forexample, by means of the supply device 114 or a similar supply device.Alternatively or in addition to active thawing, for example in themanner described, it is also possible to use a passive thawing process.For example, the surrounding air at room temperature can itself sufficeto permit thawing without auxiliary devices and/or without pre-heatedair being actively blown into the heat exchanger space 138.

The process involved means that very rapid freezing times are possiblewith the system shown. This is particularly advantageous in the case ofbiological or biochemical media 124 in which, for example, a slowfreezing and thawing process could lead to phase separation or otherlack of homogeneity

After use, the inexpensive cryogenic container can be completely orpartially disposed of without special cleaning. Shipment of containersto and fro, as is generally required in the case of conventionalcryogenic containers made of stainless steel, can therefore preferablybe avoided.

Commercially available disposables can be used, for example, as theflexible film bag 120. Bag volumes of up to 50 liters or even 80 litersor more are conceivable, for example. It is also possible to usemultiple sets, that is to say cryogenic containers 110 with a pluralityof primary containers 118, for example in one or more interiors 128. Forexample, a plurality of compartments can be provided. For example, one,two, three, four or five flexible film bags 120 can be received in onecryogenic container 110. For example, several cryogenic containers 110can be stored on a pallet, for example a Euro pallet. In particular, upto 300 liters can be stored on one pallet, with half the weight andvolume compared to conventional cryogenic vessels, particularly ofstainless steel.

In initial tests, the proposed cryogenic container has proven feasiblefor practical use. Thus, for example, freezing times of about half anhour were recorded for one liter of water. Between 1.5 and 2 liters ofliquid nitrogen were needed per kilogram of liquid. For example, apredetermined quantity of liquid nitrogen that is just sufficient forone freezing process can be fed into the heat exchanger space 138.

FIG. 2, in a view analogous to FIG. 1, but without the supply device 114and the conduit system 140, shows a second embodiment of a cryogeniccontainer 110 according to the invention. This cryogenic container 110again comprises a primary container 118 with a flexible film bag 120 andtube connectors 122. As regards this primary container 118, referencecan be made for example to the above description of FIGS. 1A to 1C.

Furthermore, the cryogenic container 110 once again comprises an outercontainer 126, which also has a lid 116. This lid 116 is in this caseprovided with a plurality of passages 142, such that the heat exchangemedium and/or the medium 124 that is to be stored and transported can beintroduced and/or removed even when the outer container 126 is closed.As regards the possible designs of the outer container 126, referencecan be made for example to the above description of FIGS. 1A to 1C.

Once again, the cryogenic container 110 also has a secondary container132, which has a heat exchanger space 138. However, in contrast to theillustrative embodiment according to FIGS. 1A to 1C, the heat exchangemedium in the illustrative embodiment according to FIG. 2 is preferablynot in direct contact with the flexible film bag 120, which can bedesigned as a plastic bag, for example. For this purpose, the secondarycontainer 132 in the illustrative embodiment shown is designed with atwo-walled receiving bag 144. Thus, the secondary container 132 has, inaddition to the outer sleeve 134, also a flexible inner sleeve 146facing the flexible film bag 120. The outer sleeve 134 and the innersleeve 146 can be welded to each other at the edges, such that a heatexchanger space 138 in the form of a long, narrow and broad channel isformed between the outer sleeve 134 and the inner sleeve 146, which heatexchanger space 138 begins at a first connector 148 and ends at a secondconnector 150. The first connector 148 can accordingly serve as an inletfor a heat exchange medium, and the second connector 150 as an outletfor this heat exchange medium. In the gap between the inner sleeve 146and the outer sleeve 134, that is to say in the heat exchanger space138, which again can also be filled with, for example, a stiff spacerelement 136, the heat exchange medium can flow from the first connector148 to the second connector 150. The spacer element 136 can in additionact completely or partially as a flow-directing means, in order toensure a uniform through-flow, preferably along the entire surface ofthe heat exchanger space 138.

The heat exchange medium can be pumped through the heat exchanger space138 from the first connector 148 to the second connector 150, forexample by means of a corresponding supply device 114 according to FIG.1A. As heat exchange medium, that is to say as heat transfer medium,silicone oil, for example, can be used in this case.

While exemplary embodiments have been disclosed hereinabove, the presentinvention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Instead, thisapplication is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations ofthis disclosure using its general principles. Further, this applicationis intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as comewithin known or customary practice in the art to which this inventionpertains and which fall within the limits of the appended claims.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

110 cryogenic container

112 preparation device

114 supply device

116 lid

118 primary container

120 flexible film bag

122 tube connectors

124 medium

126 outer container

128 interior

130 support devices

132 secondary container

133 opening

134 outer sleeve

136 spacer element

138 heat exchanger space

140 conduit system

142 passages

144 two-walled receiving bag

146 inner sleeve

148 first connector

150 second connector

What is claimed is:
 1. A cryogenic container for storing and/ortransporting a medium, comprising: a primary container formed as aflexible film bag configured to receive the medium; and a secondarycontainer at least partially surrounding the primary container, whereinthe secondary container is at least partially flexible and has at leastone opening configured to be opened and closed for the introductionand/or removal of the primary container and for preventing introductionand/or removal of the primary container, respectively, wherein thesecondary container is configured to adapt completely or partially tothe shape of the primary container introduced into the secondarycontainer, the secondary container comprising a two-walled receiving baghaving an at least partially flexible outer sleeve and an at leastpartially flexible inner sleeve and a heat exchanger space arrangedbetween the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve configured to receive afluid heat exchange medium, the inner sleeve contacting the flexiblefilm bag.
 2. The cryogenic container of claim 1, wherein the heatexchanger space comprises a channel between the outer sleeve and theinner sleeve for receiving the fluid heat exchange medium for freezingand/or thawing the medium received in the primary container.
 3. Thecryogenic container of claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger spacecomprises a spacer element arranged therein, wherein the spacer elementis configured to permit the fluid heat transfer medium to flowtherethrough, and wherein the spacer element maintains a spacing betweenthe outer sleeve and the flexible film bag.
 4. The cryogenic containerof claim 1, wherein the outer sleeve of the secondary containercomprises at least one metal film and/or at least one plastic filmand/or a paper film coated with a metallic material.
 5. The cryogeniccontainer of claim 1, wherein the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve areconnected to each other in at least one area to close off the heatexchanger space.
 6. The cryogenic container of claim 1, wherein thesecondary container comprises: a first connector for delivery of theheat exchange medium; and a second connector for removal of the heatexchange medium; wherein the first connector and the second connectorare fluidly connected to the heat exchange space, and further wherein atleast one channel through which the heat exchange medium is configuredto flow is formed in the heat exchanger space between the firstconnector and the second connector.
 7. The cryogenic container of claim1, wherein the secondary container further comprises an elementconfigured to control or regulate filling of the heat exchanger space.8. The cryogenic container of claim 7, wherein the element comprises afloat valve.
 9. The cryogenic container of claim 1, further comprising asubstantially dimensionally stable outer container, wherein the outercontainer is configured to receive the secondary container having theprimary container received therein, the outer container is furtherconfigured to shield the secondary and primary containers from externalmechanical action.
 10. The cryogenic container of claim 9, wherein theouter container comprises a corrugated board.
 11. The cryogeniccontainer of claim 1, further comprising a connector configured toreversibly couple the cryogenic container to at least one supply devicefor supplying the heat exchange medium to the cryogenic container.
 12. Acryogenic container for storing and/or transporting a medium,comprising: a primary container formed as a flexible film bag configuredto receive the medium; and a secondary container at least partiallysurrounding the primary container, wherein the secondary container is atleast partially flexible and has at least one opening configured to beopened and closed for the introduction and/or removal of the primarycontainer and for preventing introduction and/or removal of the primarycontainer, respectively, wherein the secondary container is configuredto adapt completely or partially to the shape of the primary containerintroduced into the secondary container, the secondary containercomprising an at least partially flexible outer sleeve and an at leastpartially flexible inner sleeve and a heat exchanger space arrangedbetween the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve configured to receive afluid heat exchange medium, the inner sleeve contacting the flexiblefilm bag, wherein the inside surface of the inner sleeve faces theprimary container and the outside surface of the inner sleeve faces theouter sleeve.
 13. The cryogenic container of claim 12, wherein the heatexchanger space comprises a channel between the outer sleeve and theinner sleeve for receiving the fluid heat exchange medium for freezingand/or thawing the medium received in the primary container.
 14. Thecryogenic container of claim 12, wherein the heat exchanger spacecomprises a spacer element arranged therein, wherein the spacer elementis configured to permit the fluid heat transfer medium to flowtherethrough, and wherein the spacer element maintains a spacing betweenthe outer sleeve and the flexible film bag.
 15. The cryogenic containerof claim 12, wherein the outer sleeve of the secondary containercomprises at least one metal film and/or at least one plastic filmand/or a paper film coated with a metallic material.
 16. The cryogeniccontainer of claim 12, wherein the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve areconnected to each other in at least one area to close off the heatexchanger space.
 17. The cryogenic container of claim 12, wherein thesecondary container comprises: a first connector for delivery of theheat exchange medium; and a second connector for removal of the heatexchange medium; wherein the first connector and the second connectorare fluidly connected to the heat exchange space, and further wherein atleast one channel through which the heat exchange medium is configuredto flow is formed in the heat exchanger space between the firstconnector and the second connector.
 18. The cryogenic container of claim12, wherein the secondary container further comprises an elementconfigured to control or regulate filling of the heat exchanger space.19. The cryogenic container of claim 18, wherein the element comprises afloat valve.
 20. The cryogenic container of claim 12, further comprisinga substantially dimensionally stable outer container, wherein the outercontainer is configured to receive the secondary container having theprimary container received therein, the outer container is furtherconfigured to shield the secondary and primary containers from externalmechanical action.
 21. The cryogenic container of claim 20, wherein theouter container comprises a corrugated board.
 22. The cryogeniccontainer of claim 12, further comprising a connector configured toreversibly couple the cryogenic container to at least one supply devicefor supplying the heat exchange medium to the cryogenic container.